理察•韋特

理察•韋特1960年生於倫敦,幼年移居蘇格蘭,就讀愛丁堡藝術學院;1993至95年於格拉斯哥藝術學院進修;2009年獲倫敦泰特美術館的「特納獎」。現於格拉斯哥生活及工作。

韋特近十年的重要作品都是直接塗繪於牆上的,作品每每展現細緻反覆描畫的設計圖案,令人想起極簡主義的序列風格,或是「安迪•華荷式」的機械作畫過程。然而這些作品都是他用上好幾個星期,親手細心繪畫而成的。韋特對繪畫的問題研考殷切,曾說:「繪畫是設定及處理物料的過程,探討了時間的本質」。在他的作品中,物料與過程的重要性,不下於作品本身。此外,他在選定作畫地點時亦會考慮該建築物本身的特定性,成為組成作品的重要部份。他棄用傳統畫布,認為它是創作意念和執行之間的障礙,希望將之消除。作品《無題(31.3.04)》(2004)繪畫了一些原色幾何形塊,就像一些被折疊的紙帶散落在地上,突顯了它們的空間感,而底層則畫上仿木地板的紋理。韋特的繪畫雖然預演了展現空間形式的窘境,但他所繪畫的木地板,卻讓他遠離了二十世紀初圍繞物料真實性概念的爭論。

韋特製作了不同版本的海報張貼到牆上,能活化空間,迫使觀眾以另類方式來體驗畫廊。以往立體主義或普普藝術的現代派大師會把街上的商業海報轉化為藝術品,而韋特的做法剛好相反,他將自己的海報,派送給專責張貼海報的人,著他們隨意在城中張貼,使之成為城市生活的一部份。不論張貼在畫廊內或外,這些海報都直接提出了藝術價值的問題。這些問題不關乎二十世紀上半期對於高雅及通俗藝術的討論,而是1970年代觀念主義向藝術商品化所作出的挑戰。

韋特的首次個展於1994年在格拉斯哥傳達畫廊舉行,其後在世界各地舉行多個展覽,其中較矚目的有:伯恩美術館及泰特利物浦美術館(2001);萊茵蘭和威斯特伐蘭藝術協會(杜塞爾多夫,2002);鄧迪當代藝術中心(2004);聖地牙哥當代藝術博物館(2007)。他亦曾參與不少重要聯展,當中包括:「皮特華.布塔尼卡」(當代藝術博物館,悉尼,1997);曼尼費斯特歐洲當代藝術雙年展II (盧森堡,1998);英國藝術展V (2000);卡內基國際藝術展(匹茲堡,2008)。

Richard Wright

Richard Wright was born in 1960 in London. He moved to Scotland at an early age and studied at Edinburgh College of Art, and Glasgow College of Art, 1993-5. In 2009 he was awarded the Turner Prize at Tate Britain and now continues to live and work in Glasgow.

Richard Wright’s most significant works in the last ten years have been painted directly onto walls. Very often, the paintings consist of meticulously repeated designs which can appear to allude to the seriality of minimalism, or a ‘Warholian’ mechanical process. The works are painstakingly painted, by hand, over many weeks. Wright's engagement is very clearly with the question of painting and he has said: “Painting is an enactment or a physical occupation of material, in a way it speaks about time”. In his work, the importance of the material itself and the physical process occupy a space of equal importance to the context of the work. Wright's site specific paintings are always executed in response to architecture, and this specificity is very much a part of the content of the finished work. Abandoning conventional canvas as his support was a way of ridding himself of what he perceived as an obstacle between the idea and the execution. The painting Not Titled (31.3.04) (2004) presents an arrangement of primary coloured geometric shapes, disposed across the ground like a folded strip of paper so as to emphasise their spatial quality. The ground is painted to resemble wooden panel, or boards. Wright's painting rehearses the dilemma of representation of spatial forms, but by using a painted simulacra of wooden panel, he radically distances himself from early twentieth century debates revolving around the concept of truth to materials.

Wright produces editions of posters, designed to be pasted to the wall in such a way as to activate a space so that the viewer is forced to experience the gallery in a different way. In a reversal of the practice of key modernist figures from the Cubists to Pop artists, who brought commercial posters off the street and into fine art practice, Wright has also given his posters to professional fly-posters, to be pasted up at random throughout a city, and become part of the urban fabric. Whether pasted up inside or outside the gallery, the posters engage directly with questions concerning the value of art; not so much in terms of an interpenetration of high and low, as was debated in the first half of the twentieth century, but more in relation to it’s commodity status as it was originally challenged by Conceptualism in the 1970s.

The first solo exhibition of Wright’s work took place in 1994 at Transmission Gallery, Glasgow, and since that time he has continued to exhibit worldwide. Notable shows include Kunsthalle Bern and Tate Liverpool in 2001; Kunstverein für die Rheinlande und Westfalen, Düsseldorf, 2002; Dundee Contemporary Arts, 2004; Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego, 2007. He has been included in many important group exhibitions including: Pitura Brittanica, Museum of Contemporary Art, Sydney, 1997; Manifesta 2, Luxembourg, 1998; the British Art Show 5, 2000 and Carnegie International, Pittsburgh, 2008.